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Science: Research Database

Decades of both exploratory and rigorous scientific research demonstrate that mental illness often arises from metabolic dysfunction affecting the brain. A growing body of published papers are establishing the connection between underlying metabolic function and cognition, perception, mood and behavior.

Clinical Trials

Publications about research trials in humans that share observations or the outcomes of an intervention

Case Series

Detailed accounts of individual or group experiences and outcomes with a particular intervention or condition.

Protocols

Papers outlining the design and methodology of a planned, completed, or ongoing clinical trial.

Reviews

Articles that synthesize findings from multiple studies to highlight the current understanding of a topic.

Mechanistic Studies

Research exploring the underlying biological processes or pathways driving a condition, treatment, or response.

Analysis

Research papers that examine data to draw conclusions or uncover patterns, relationships, or new insights.


We maintain a growing database of published scientific papers related to metabolism and mental health across a variety of psychiatric diagnoses, including Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression, Anorexia, Binge Eating Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and more.

Reviews

Editorial: Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment for Mental Health Disorders

Editorial: Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment for Mental Health Disorders
Ede, Zupec-Kania, Masino
  • Diagnosis

    Mental Health Disorders

A collection of research exploring the potential of ketogenic metabolic therapy as a novel, low-risk intervention for a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions.

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Case Series

Ketogenic Diet as a Therapeutic Intervention for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Series of Three Patients

Ketogenic Diet as a Therapeutic Intervention for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Series of Three Patients
MacDonald, Palmer
  • Diagnosis

    OCD

  • Institution

    McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School

A case series of three individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who achieve medication-free remission and a 90.5% reduction in symptoms after adopting a ketogenic diet.

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Case Series

Remission of OCD and Ulcerative Colitis With A Ketogenic Diet: Case Report

Remission of OCD and Ulcerative Colitis With A Ketogenic Diet: Case Report
Calabrese
  • Diagnosis

    OCD, Ulcerative Colitis

A case study describing the first clinical application of a ketogenic diet in adult OCD with ulcerative colitis (UC) resulting in complete remission of OCD, clinical remission of UC, and improved metabolic health.

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Case Series

Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy For Schizoaffective Disorder: A Retrospective Case Series of Psychotic Symptom Remission and Mood Recovery

Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy For Schizoaffective Disorder: A Retrospective Case Series of Psychotic Symptom Remission and Mood Recovery
Laurent, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Schizoaffective Disorder

  • Institution

    University of Oxford, University of East London

A case series of two individuals who experienced full remission of psychotic and mood symptoms after implementing ketogenic metabolic therapy.

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Analysis

Exploring the Potential of the Ketogenic Diet in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Metabolic, Genetic, and Therapeutic Insights

Exploring the Potential of the Ketogenic Diet in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Metabolic, Genetic, and Therapeutic Insights
Schrickel, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Autism

  • Institution

    Leiden University

A ketogenic diet may benefit individuals with autism spectrum disorder by addressing underlying metabolic and neuroprotective mechanisms.

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Protocols

The effects of ketogenic metabolic therapy on mental health and metabolic outcomes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled clinical trial protocol

The effects of ketogenic metabolic therapy on mental health and metabolic outcomes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled clinical trial protocol
Longhitano, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder

  • Institution

    James Cook University

A clinical trial protocol to investigate whether a ketogenic diet can reduce psychiatric and metabolic symptoms in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder by comparing it…

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Case Series

Retrospective Case Study: Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy in the Effective Management of Treatment-Resistant Depressive Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder

Retrospective Case Study: Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy in the Effective Management of Treatment-Resistant Depressive Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder
Laurent
  • Diagnosis

    Bipolar Disorder

A case study about how ketogenic therapy improved treatment-resistant depressive symptoms in a patient with bipolar disorder, leading to a stabilized mood, enhanced quality of life, and reduced medication…

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Analysis

Metabolic Insights into Neuropsychiatric Illnesses and Ketogenic Therapies: A Transcriptomic View

Metabolic Insights into Neuropsychiatric Illnesses and Ketogenic Therapies: A Transcriptomic View
Sahay
  • Institution

    University of Toledo

Disruptions in metabolic pathways are linked to serious mental illness and suggest that ketogenic interventions may help restore metabolic balance based on gene expression data analysis.

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Analysis

Understanding the Experiences of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy for People Living with Varying Levels of Depressive Symptoms: A Thematic Analysis

Understanding the Experiences of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy for People Living with Varying Levels of Depressive Symptoms: A Thematic Analysis
Erin Bellamy, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Depression

  • Institution

    University of East London

Analysis demonstrating that in lived experience accounts of ketogenic therapy for depressive symptoms, pros outweigh cons for participants.

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Reviews

The Ketogenic Diet as a Treatment for Mood Disorders

The Ketogenic Diet as a Treatment for Mood Disorders
Ozan, Chouinard, Palmer
  • Diagnosis

    Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Depression

  • Institution

    McLean Hospital

Review of evidence about how ketogenic diets may improve mood disorders by targeting metabolic dysfunctions, including mitochondrial issues, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, as explored in recent…

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Clinical Trials

Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Metabolic and Psychiatric Health in Bipolar and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial

Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Metabolic and Psychiatric Health in Bipolar and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial
Sethi, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia

  • Institution

    Stanford University

A 4-month clinical trial at Stanford of ketogenic diet for serious mental illness showed promising preliminary results indicating remission of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in participants who adhered…

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Case Series

Complete Remission of Depression and Anxiety Using a Ketogenic Diet: Case Series

Complete Remission of Depression and Anxiety Using a Ketogenic Diet: Case Series
Calabrese, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Depression

  • Institution

    Innovative Psychiatry, LLC

A case series of three adults who achieve complete remission of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder with a ketogenic dietary intervention.

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Clinical Trials

Pilot Study of A Ketogenic Diet in Bipolar Disorder

Pilot Study of A Ketogenic Diet in Bipolar Disorder
Smith, Needham, Campbell
  • Diagnosis

    Bipolar Disorder

  • Institution

    The University of Edinburgh

A clinical trial paper demonstrating the  safety and efficacy of using ketogenic therapy in bipolar disorder.

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Analysis

Toward a Precision Treatment Approach for Metabolic Depression: Integrating Epidemiology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry

Toward a Precision Treatment Approach for Metabolic Depression: Integrating Epidemiology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry
Watson, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Depression

  • Institution

    Stanford University (Rasgon Lab)

This study looked at people with both type 2 diabetes and depression, finding that standard treatments might not work as well for them. It tested whether adding a…

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Analysis

Animal-Based Ketogenic Diet Puts Severe Anorexia Nervosa into Multi-Year Remission: A Case Series

Animal-Based Ketogenic Diet Puts Severe Anorexia Nervosa into Multi-Year Remission: A Case Series
Norwitz, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Anorexia Nervosa

  • Institution

    Harvard Medical School

Researchers at Harvard published this case series suggesting a ketogenic diet may be useful for some patients with anorexia nervosa.

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Reviews

The Role of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy on the Brain in Serious Mental Illness: A Review

The Role of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy on the Brain in Serious Mental Illness: A Review
Sethi, Ford
  • Diagnosis

    Schizophrenia

  • Institution

    Stanford University & UCSF

Drs. Shebani Sethi and Judy Ford call for more clinical trials to address the potential beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet in people with serious mental illness.

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Clinical Trials

Modified Ketogenic Diet and Ketamine for Anorexia Nervosa

Modified Ketogenic Diet and Ketamine for Anorexia Nervosa
Calabrese, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Anorexia Nervosa

  • Institution

    Innovative Psychiatry, LLC

A small pilot trial demonstrated safety and efficacy for adults with chronic psychopathology and supports specific neurobiological mechanisms that can be normalized using therapeutic ketogenic diet and ketamine.

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Case Series

Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Mental Illness: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Inpatients

Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Mental Illness: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Inpatients
Danan, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective, Depression

  • Institution

    University of Toulouse

Dr. Albert Danan showed that in a French cohort of treatment-resistant inpatients, all experienced weight loss and psychiatric symptom reduction, with nearly half no longer meeting criteria for…

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Clinical Trials

Treating Insulin Resistance With Metformin as a Strategy to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression

Treating Insulin Resistance With Metformin as a Strategy to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression
Calkin, et al.
  • Diagnosis

    Bipolar Disorder

  • Institution

    Dalhousie University

Dr. Cynthia Calkin and colleagues demonstrate that improving insulin sensitivity in treatment-resistant bipolar depression led to remission after decades of illness.

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Mechanistic Studies

Mechanisms of insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and the action of the ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder. Focus on the PI3K/AKT/HIF1-a pathway.

Mechanisms of insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and the action of the ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder. Focus on the PI3K/AKT/HIF1-a pathway.
Campbell, Campbell
  • Diagnosis

    Bipolar Disorder

  • Institution

    The University of Edinburgh

Drs. Harry and Iain Campbell suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder likely stems from issues with the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC), leading to reduced energy production (ATP)….

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Reviews

Ketogenic Therapy in Serious Mental Illness: Emerging Evidence

Ketogenic Therapy in Serious Mental Illness: Emerging Evidence
Sarnyai, Palmer
  • Diagnosis

    Schizophrenia

  • Institution

    James Cook University & McLean Hospital

A commentary reviewing the emerging evidence supporting the use of nutritional ketosis as a treatment for serious mental illness.

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Research Videos

33:49

Metabolic Therapies for Psychiatry: State of the Evidence